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Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Mechanical Protein Function01:58

Mechanical Protein Function

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.

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Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
10:40

Analysis of Group IV Viral SSHHPS Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods

Published on: December 21, 2019

Structure-function relationship of Vpr: biological implications.

Nelly Morellet1, Bernard P Roques, Serge Bouaziz

  • 1Inserm, U640, Paris, France. nelly.morellet@univ-paris5.fr

Current HIV Research
|March 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr performs diverse functions, including nuclear transport and cell cycle arrest. This review examines mutations affecting Vpr

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr is incorporated into virions and exhibits multiple functions.
  • These functions include nuclear transport, transcription activation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction.
  • Vpr interacts with cellular pathways and factors to modulate host cell functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mutations in Vpr and their impact on its structure and function.
  • To correlate specific Vpr domains and interacting partners with distinct biological activities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing sequence data and mutational studies.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to determine the structure of Vpr and its fragments.
  • Correlation of structural domains with functional activities.

Main Results:

  • Vpr's functions are linked to its structural domains and interacting partners.
  • Virion packaging is associated with the first alpha-helix (17-33).
  • Transcription activation, apoptosis regulation, and transport involve the second alpha-helix (38-50).
  • Cell cycle arrest is induced by the carboxyl-terminal alpha-helix (55-77).

Conclusions:

  • Mutational analysis provides insights into Vpr's structure-function relationships.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for comprehending HIV-1 pathogenesis.
  • Targeting Vpr interactions could offer therapeutic strategies.