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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Designing Water Slide01:18

Design Example: Designing Water Slide

When designing a water slide, controlling the speed of water flow is crucial for rider safety while maintaining an exciting experience. As water flows down the slide, gravity causes it to accelerate, with its speed at the bottom depending on the height from which it starts. The higher the slide, the more potential energy the water has at the top, which is converted into kinetic energy as it descends, increasing its speed.
Bernoulli's principle determines the water's velocity along the slide.
Drag Force and Terminal Speed01:18

Drag Force and Terminal Speed

An interesting force in everyday life is the force of drag on an object when it is moving in a fluid. Like friction, the drag force always opposes the motion of an object. Unlike simple friction, the drag force is proportional to some function of the velocity of the object in that fluid. This functionality is complicated and depends upon the shape of the object, its size, its velocity, and the fluid it is in. For most large objects, such as cyclists, cars, and baseballs, that are not moving too...
Rolling Without Slipping01:09

Rolling Without Slipping

People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is essential...
Rolling With Slipping01:14

Rolling With Slipping

Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can affect...
Work Done Over an Inclined Plane01:11

Work Done Over an Inclined Plane

The center-of-mass framework helps to easily describe the work done on rigid bodies. Since the internal forces in a rigid body do no work, they can be ignored, and the external forces can be considered in the work-energy theorem.
The work done by gravity to move a rigid body, or the work done by an opposing force to move a rigid body against gravity, can be calculated using the center-of-mass framework. It is the line integral of the force of gravity over the path, considered positive if...
Dynamics Of Circular Motion: Applications01:17

Dynamics Of Circular Motion: Applications

Suppose a car moves on flat ground and turns to the left. The centripetal force causing the car to turn in a circular path is due to friction between the tires and the road. For this, a minimum coefficient of friction is needed, or the car will move in a larger-radius curve and leave the roadway. Let's now consider banked curves, where the slope of the road helps in negotiating the curve. The greater the angle of the curve, the faster one can take the curve. It is common for race tracks for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Four Temporary Waterslide Designs Adapted to Different Slope Conditions to Encourage Child Socialization in Playgrounds
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Published on: December 9, 2022

Sledding: how fast can they go?

Lynn Babcock Cimpello1, Madelyn Garcia, Eric Rueckmann

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. lynn_cimpello@urmc.rochester.edu

The Journal of Trauma
|March 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sledding speeds averaged 19 mph, with inner tubes generating more kinetic energy than plastic sleds. Safe sledding practices and helmet use are recommended to mitigate injury risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Sledding is a popular winter sport with inherent risks due to high speeds and energy generation.
  • Understanding sledding dynamics is crucial for assessing injury potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the speeds and kinetic energy generated by individuals during sledding.
  • To identify factors influencing sledding speed and energy output.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study recorded speeds of single sledders using radar guns.
  • Participant weight, age, and sled type were documented.
  • Kinetic energy was calculated for each sledding run.

Main Results:

  • Average sledding speed was 19 mph, with speeds up to 25 mph recorded.
  • Average kinetic energy was 1,872 Joules, with a maximum of 6,441 Joules.
  • Inner tubes resulted in higher average speeds (20.3 mph) and kinetic energy (2,136 J) compared to plastic sleds (18.3 mph, 1,707 J).

Conclusions:

  • Sledding speed and kinetic energy increase with participant weight and the use of inner tubes.
  • Promoting safe sledding practices and the use of helmets is advised to reduce injury risk.