Numerical simulation of blood and interstitial flow through a solid tumor

A theoretical framework is presented for describing blood flow through the irregular vasculature of a solid tumor. The tumor capillary bed is modeled as a capillary tree of bifurcating segments whose geometrical construction involves deterministic and random parameters. Blood flow along the individual capillaries accounts for plasma leakage through the capillary walls due to the transmural pressure according to Sterling's law. The extravasation flow into the interstitium is described by Darcy's law for a biological porous medium. The pressure field developing in the interstitium is computed by solving Laplace's equation subject to derived boundary conditions at the capillary vessel walls. Given the arterial, venous, and tumor surface pressures, the problem is formulated as a coupled system of integral and differential equations arising from the interstitium and capillary flow transport equations. Numerical discretization yields a system of linear algebraic equations for the interstitial and capillary segment pressures whose solution is found by iterative methods. Results of numerical computations document the effect of the interstitial hydraulic and vascular permeability on the fractional plasma leakage. Given the material properties, the fractional leakage reaches a maximum at a particular grade of the bifurcating vascular tree.