Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Intra-arterial air thrombogenesis after cerebral air embolism complicating lower extremity sclerotherapy
T M Leslie-Mazwi1, Laura L Avery, John R Sims
1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, WAC 7., 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. tleslie-mazwi@partners.org
Background:
Cerebral arterial gas embolism is a potentially life-threatening event. Intraarterial air can occlude blood flow directly or cause thrombosis. Sclerotherapy is an extremely rare cause of cerebral arterial gas embolism.
Method:
Case-report.
Results:
A 38-year-old female suffered acute onset of a left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) syndrome with an NIH stroke score of 11 approximately ten minutes after lower extremity sclerotherapy. CT angiogram demonstrated LMCA intraarterial air. Patient fully recovered after hyperbaric oxygen treatment with complete resolution of intraarterial air. However, thrombus replaced intraarterial air despite anticoagulation with heparin.
Conclusion:
We provide radiological evidence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy resolving intraarterial air but also demonstrate the thrombogenic potential of this procedural complication.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology