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Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

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Pulsatile flow in a coronary artery using multiphase kinetic theory.

Jing Huang¹, Robert W Lyczkowski, Dimitri Gidaspow

¹Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics

|March 13, 2009

Summary

This study models blood flow in the right coronary artery using a multiphase kinetic theory. It identifies potential atherosclerosis sites by analyzing wall shear stress and gradients during pulsatile flow.

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Published on: December 6, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Hemodynamics

Background:

Previous models of right coronary artery (RCA) blood flow used single-phase or two-phase fluid approaches.
Experimental rheological data for blood, dependent on hematocrit and shear rate, informed prior modeling efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a multiphase kinetic theory model for pulsatile blood flow in a right coronary artery (RCA) model.
To accurately compute red blood cell (RBC) viscosity and simulate the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect (RBC migration).
To identify potential atherosclerosis sites based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.

Main Methods:

Utilized a multiphase kinetic theory model to simulate pulsatile flow in an RCA model.
Incorporated experimental rheological data for RBCs as a function of hematocrit and shear rate.
Performed pulsatile computations using a cardiac waveform until a limit cycle was established, alongside steady-state computations.

Main Results:

The model accurately computed RBC viscosity, showing a decrease with shear rate and vessel size, consistent with experimental data.
RBC volume fractions, shear stresses, viscosities, and velocities varied dynamically with time and position during the cardiac cycle.
Highest wall shear stress and shear stress gradients were observed on the inside of maximum curvature, indicating potential atherosclerosis sites.

Conclusions:

The multiphase kinetic theory model effectively simulates pulsatile blood flow and RBC behavior in the RCA.
Computational analysis of shear stress and gradients can predict regions prone to atherosclerosis development.
This approach offers a valuable tool for understanding cardiovascular disease mechanisms and identifying vulnerable areas.