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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model
05:10

Improved Methodology for Studying Postnatal Osteogenesis via Intramembranous Ossification in a Murine Bone Marrow Injury Model

Published on: February 7, 2025

The basic science of bone induction.

Manolis Heliotis1, Ugo Ripamonti, Carlo Ferretti

  • 1North West London Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
|March 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Basic science research has advanced the understanding of osteogenic glycoproteins in bone formation. These molecules can now induce new bone growth in original sites and even in abnormal locations.

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Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
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Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

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06:58

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones

Published on: April 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Orthopedics
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Decades of research have elucidated the critical role of osteogenic glycoproteins in skeletal development.
  • Advances in molecular biology have enabled the isolation and characterization of key bone-inducing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental science behind osteogenic glycoprotein-mediated bone induction.
  • To lay the groundwork for future discussions on translational applications in animal models and human clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of foundational scientific literature on osteogenic glycoproteins.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating de novo bone induction capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Osteogenic glycoproteins are key regulators of bone formation.
  • Isolated glycoproteins can induce orthotopic bone regeneration.
  • Evidence suggests potential for heterotopic bone induction.

Conclusions:

  • A robust understanding of the basic science of bone induction is established.
  • Future research should focus on translating these findings into clinical practice for bone repair and regeneration.