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Related Concept Videos

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
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Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
08:17

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Published on: August 25, 2017

Long-term ozone exposure and mortality.

Michael Jerrett1, Richard T Burnett, C Arden Pope

  • 1Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 710 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. jerrett@berkeley.edu

The New England Journal of Medicine
|March 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term exposure to ground-level ozone significantly increases the risk of death from respiratory causes. This study found no significant link between ozone and cardiovascular mortality when fine particulate matter was considered.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Tropospheric ozone is linked to adverse health outcomes, but its long-term impact on mortality is uncertain.
  • This study investigated ozone's contribution to cardiopulmonary and respiratory mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between long-term exposure to ozone and mortality from cardiopulmonary and respiratory causes.
  • To differentiate the effects of ozone from those of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II cohort (448,850 subjects, 118,777 deaths over 18 years).
  • Correlated mortality data with daily maximum ozone concentrations (1977-2000) and PM(2.5) concentrations (1999-2000) across 96 US metropolitan areas.
  • Employed standard and multilevel Cox regression models to evaluate associations.

Main Results:

  • In single-pollutant models, both PM(2.5) and ozone were associated with increased cardiopulmonary mortality.
  • In two-pollutant models, PM(2.5) was linked to cardiovascular mortality, while ozone was linked to respiratory mortality.
  • A 10 ppb increase in ozone was associated with a 4.0% increased risk of respiratory mortality (RR 1.040, 95% CI 1.010-1.067), independent of confounders.

Conclusions:

  • Ozone exposure was not found to significantly affect cardiovascular mortality risk when PM(2.5) was accounted for.
  • A significant increase in respiratory mortality risk was demonstrated in association with elevated ozone concentrations.