Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
09:01

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation

Published on: October 15, 2021

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Use of an intravenous-type catheter for cerebrospinal fluid drainage

P J Marro1, D A Dransfield, S H Mott

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland.

American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
|October 1, 1991
PubMed

Insights

External ventricular drains effectively managed posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in infants, reducing ventricular size and head circumference. This approach delayed the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunts, showing promise for PHH treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Neonatal Care
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a significant complication in preterm infants.
  • Early intervention is crucial to prevent neurological damage.
  • Traditional treatments often involve invasive procedures with potential complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of external ventricular drains (EVDs) for PHH management over a 9-year period.
  • To assess the EVD technique's ability to reduce ventricular size and delay ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement.
  • To compare this EVD approach with existing interventions for PHH.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of hospital records and cranial ultrasounds for infants with PHH (1981-1989).
  • Application of a standardized method for PHH identification and bedside management using EVDs.
  • VP shunt insertion was reserved for infants reaching 2 kg body weight with recurrent PHH.

Main Results:

  • 70 EVD procedures were performed in 24 infants with PHH.
  • All procedures resulted in decreased head circumference and ventricular size on ultrasound.
  • A low complication rate was observed, with only one infection and 12 infants requiring VP shunts.

Conclusions:

  • EVDs offer a favorable alternative for PHH treatment, effectively reducing ventricular size.
  • This technique successfully delayed or avoided early VP shunt placement in preterm infants.
  • Further multicenter trials are recommended to confirm the safety and efficacy of EVDs for PHH.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model08:18

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring In Nontraumatic Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rodent Model

Published on: February 8, 2022

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats04:12

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats

Published on: March 28, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...