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Suppression pheromone and cockroach rank formation.

Rong Kou¹, Huan-Wen Chang, Shu-Chun Chen

¹Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China. kourong@gate.sinica.edu.tw

Die Naturwissenschaften

|March 13, 2009

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Male lobster cockroaches maintain unstable dominance hierarchies using a pheromone called 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B). This chemical suppresses rivals, but its reduced release allows subordinates to challenge for rank.

Area of Science:

Animal behavior
Chemical ecology
Insect social dynamics

Background:

Male lobster cockroaches (Nauphoeta cinerea) exhibit known agonistic behaviors, but the maintenance of their unstable dominance hierarchy remains unclear.
Aggressive posture (AP) is a key indicator of aggression in agonistic interactions within this species.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of pheromone signaling in maintaining the unstable dominance hierarchy in Nauphoeta cinerea.
To understand how 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B) influences rank establishment and maintenance in male cockroach societies.

Main Methods:

Observing agonistic interactions and measuring the release of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B) during hierarchy formation and maintenance.
Quantifying the relationship between 3H-2B release, aggressive posture adoption (AP), and the duration of dominance.

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Main Results:

Dominant males released significant amounts of 3H-2B during initial encounters and early domination, crucial for rank maintenance, not establishment.
3H-2B acts as a suppression pheromone, inhibiting rivals' fighting capability and maintaining their submissive state.
Decreased 3H-2B release by dominants correlated with increased subordinate fighting ability (OSAP), indicating pheromonal control over social rank dynamics.

Conclusions:

The unstable dominance hierarchy in N. cinerea is actively maintained through a pheromone signaling system involving 3H-2B.
3H-2B release by dominant males suppresses subordinates, with its reduction signaling a shift in power dynamics.
Subordinate offensive strategy adoption is dependent on the dominant's pheromone release levels, highlighting chemical communication's role in social structure.