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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Introduction to Language of Pathophysiology l01:25

Introduction to Language of Pathophysiology l

Pathophysiology investigates how biological mechanisms—typically starting at the cellular level—disrupt normal bodily functions. It bridges anatomy and physiology to explain the progression of disease. With this foundation, it is important to understand the following key terms used to describe disease processes: Diagnosis:The process of identifying a disease using clinical evaluation, including signs (objective evidence like rashes), symptoms (subjective experiences like pain), laboratory test...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

[Dyslexia: a disease, a disorder or something else?].

J Artigas-Pallarés1

  • 1Unidad de Neuropediatría, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Barcelona, España. 7280jap@comb.es

Revista De Neurologia
|March 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Dyslexia is a complex genetic condition, not caused by a single gene, but by multiple genetic factors. The multiple deficit model helps understand dyslexia

Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology

Context:

  • Dyslexia affects a significant portion of the childhood population, yet a clear conceptual definition remains elusive.
  • Understanding dyslexia requires integrating insights from molecular genetics, neurocognitive research, and evolutionary psychology.
  • The evolution of writing as a recent cultural technique contrasts with the ancient evolutionary adaptations of the human brain.

Purpose:

  • To explore the multifaceted nature of dyslexia by analyzing genetic, neurocognitive, and evolutionary perspectives.
  • To propose the multiple deficit model as a coherent framework for understanding dyslexia's genetic heterogeneity.
  • To examine the therapeutic implications of the multiple deficit model, particularly concerning stimulant medication for co-occurring dyslexia and ADHD.

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Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
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Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Summary:

  • Genetics reveals dyslexia is polygenic, involving multiple quantitative and pleiotropic genes with varying combinations, leading to heterogeneity.
  • The multiple deficit model integrates genetic and neurocognitive findings, explaining dyslexia as a complex interplay of genetic factors.
  • Learning to read and write necessitates brain adaptations of structures not originally evolved for these functions.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive framework for defining and categorizing dyslexia.
  • Offers insights into the genetic underpinnings and heterogeneity of dyslexia.
  • Informs therapeutic strategies, especially for individuals with co-occurring dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.