[Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnosis, treatment, prevention and its relevance to dentistry]

Nocturnal pins and needles and other sensory disturbances in the median nerve innervated fingers are caused by local pressure on this nerve in the carpal tunnel. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most frequently encountered peripheral nerve entrapment. In The Netherlands, the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome is estimated 9% among adult women and 0.6% among adult men. Several risk factors have been identified. For dental professionals, the most relevant seem forceful use of the hand during scaling and extractions, use of vibrating ultrasonic equipment and frequent working with the wrist in flexion or in extension. The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on the characteristic complaints, confirmed preferably by abnormal electrophysiological tests. Depending on the degree of impact on daily functioning, treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome may be expectative, conservative or surgical. Adjustment of the working conditions may prevent the development of a carpal tunnel syndrome.