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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

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[Rheumatoid arthritis].

Hideto Kameda1, Tsutomu Takeuchi

  • 1Department of Rheumatology/Clinical Immunology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New treatments targeting immune responses, including anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA), are improving remission rates for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. These advancements offer hope for better daily life activity.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
07:44

Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis involves anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) and immune dysregulation, including aberrant T cell populations.
  • Recent findings highlight the complexity of RA's immune basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding RA pathogenesis.
  • To discuss novel therapeutic agents for RA management.
  • To acknowledge the contributions of Japanese physician-scientists in rheumatology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings in RA pathogenesis and treatment.
  • Analysis of emerging biological agents and small molecule drugs.
  • Synthesis of information on T cell, B cell, and cytokine-targeted therapies.

Main Results:

  • New biological agents targeting inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tocilizumab), activated T cells (abatacept), and B cells (ocrelizumab) show promise.
  • Novel small molecule drugs, such as JAK3 inhibitors, are emerging as effective treatments.
  • These therapies aim to achieve remission with preserved daily life activities in RA patients.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in understanding RA pathogenesis are driving the development of innovative therapies.
  • Targeted biological and small molecule drugs offer improved treatment options for RA.
  • The role of Japanese physician-scientists in rheumatology progress is significant and expected to grow.