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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

[Recent progress in clinical trials for rheumatic diseases].

Yoshiya Tanaka1

  • 1The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis treatments are evolving. Biologics targeting cytokines and cells offer improvements, but new, cost-effective small molecules targeting intracellular pathways show promise for better remission rates.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with significant morbidity.
  • Methotrexate (MTX) is an early-stage treatment, but often insufficient for disease control.
  • Biologics targeting TNF-alpha and IL-6 have improved RA outcomes but have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of RA treatment strategies.
  • To highlight the development of novel biologic and small molecule therapies.
  • To discuss the potential for increased remission rates and cost-effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and emerging RA therapeutic agents.
  • Analysis of biologics targeting cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and immune cells (CTLA4-Ig, anti-CD20).
  • Examination of small molecule inhibitors targeting intracellular signaling pathways (Jak, Syk).

Main Results:

  • Biologics have revolutionized RA treatment, improving clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes.
  • Existing biologics have restricted response rates and high costs.
  • Emerging small molecule drugs show comparable efficacy to biologics with potential cost benefits.

Conclusions:

  • New biologic agents targeting cell surface molecules are expanding RA treatment options.
  • Small molecule inhibitors targeting intracellular signaling pathways represent a promising, potentially more economical, therapeutic avenue.
  • Further research and clinical trials are essential to optimize RA management and achieve higher remission rates.