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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Simultaneous Label-Free Autofluorescence Multi-Harmonic Microscopy
Published on: August 29, 2025
Third-harmonic generation and multi-photon excitation fluorescence imaging microscopy techniques for online art
Emilio J Gualda1, George Filippidis, Kristalia Melessanaki
1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece.
Abstract:
We present an appropriate methodology and results for using third-harmonic generation (THG) modality for nondestructive high resolution imaging measurements of varnished structures in model painted artifacts. Detection takes place in the reflection mode, demonstrating the ability of the technique to be applied to the evaluation of original artworks. Furthermore, multi-photon excitation fluorescence images were obtained, providing complementary information related to the identification of the chemical composition of the artifacts.
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