Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Cellular injury by oxidants.

C G Cochrane1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.

The American Journal of Medicine
|September 30, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) damage cellular functions and DNA, leading to cell death or malignant transformation. This study details how H2O2 impacts key enzymes and DNA repair pathways, causing mutations and cancer development.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isolation and characterization of a noncytotoxic mast-cell activator from cobra venom.

Inflammation·2013
Same author

Mechanisms involved in the deposition of immune complexes in tissues.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009
Same author

fMet-Leu-Phe stimulates proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in human peripheral blood monocytes: the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·1999
Same author

Bronchopulmonary segmental lavage with Surfaxin (KL(4)-surfactant) for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·1999
Same author

Surfactant lavage treatment in a model of respiratory distress syndrome.

Chest·1999
Same author

Bronchoalveolar lavage with KL4-surfactant in models of meconium aspiration syndrome.

Pediatric research·1998

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Stimulated leukocytes generate oxidants that induce biochemical changes in target cells.
  • Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are key oxidants with distinct cellular targets.
  • H2O2 damages cellular energy production and DNA, potentially leading to mutations and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms by which H2O2 damages cellular functions and DNA.
  • To investigate the role of H2O2 in DNA damage, repair inhibition, and subsequent malignant transformation.
  • To identify specific molecular targets of H2O2, including enzymes and proto-oncogenes.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing the impact of H2O2 on cellular energy pathways (glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigating H2O2-induced damage to glyceraldehyde-3-PO4 dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels.
  • Analyzing H2O2-induced DNA damage (strand breaks, base hydroxylation) and its link to hydroxyl radical generation.
  • Evaluating the role of poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase activation in response to DNA damage.
  • Examining the mutagenic effects of H2O2 on cultured cells and proto-oncogenes (K-ras 4B) in vitro and in vivo.

    • Main Results:

    • H2O2 inhibits ATP synthesis by damaging GAPDH and reducing NAD+ levels via poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase activation.
    • Low concentrations of H2O2 induce DNA strand breaks and base hydroxylation, generating hydroxyl radicals.
    • DNA damage results in cell injury, death, or mutations, leading to malignant transformation in cultured cells and athymic mice.
    • Mutations in the K-ras 4B proto-oncogene at codons 12 and 61 were observed, promoting malignant transformation.

    Conclusions:

    • Oxidants like H2O2 disrupt critical cellular pathways, including energy metabolism and DNA integrity.
    • H2O2-induced DNA damage is a significant mechanism driving mutagenesis and malignant transformation.
    • Targeted damage to DNA and key enzymes by oxidants contributes to cellular dysfunction and oncogenesis.