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Related Concept Videos

Mnemonic Devices01:23

Mnemonic Devices

Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
Acronyms
Acronyms are created by using the initial letters of a series of words to form a new word or phrase. This approach condenses complex information into a single, memorable entity. For example,...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Mapping dynamic memories of gradually changing objects.

Son Preminger1, Barak Blumenfeld, Dov Sagi

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. son.preminger@weizmann.ac.il

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Our brains update object memory to reflect changes over time, like aging faces. Memory shifts towards new appearances while retaining links to past versions, aiding recognition.

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Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory
08:06

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The brain maintains object memory despite appearance changes over time.
  • This crucial cognitive ability for recognition and behavior is under-explored.
  • Understanding memory updating is key to explaining cognitive flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain updates memory representations of objects undergoing gradual transformations.
  • To explore the impact of prolonged, incremental changes on face recognition and memory.
  • To quantify memory shifts in response to evolving object appearances.

Main Methods:

  • Emulated face transformation using a sequential presentation protocol over multiple days.
  • Separated face presentations with intervening stimuli to mimic naturalistic exposure.
  • Employed an object perturbation method to estimate memory pattern shifts.

Main Results:

  • Gradual face transformation led to significant changes in memory and recognition.
  • Identification of earlier face instances decreased, while recent instances were increasingly identified as the source.
  • Memory patterns shifted from the original (source) face towards the transformed (target) face.

Conclusions:

  • Memory is dynamically updated to accommodate object changes while preserving associations with past appearances.
  • Findings support models of associative memory with learning rules sensitive to novelty and gradual change.
  • This memory updating mechanism is vital for adapting to evolving environments and object identities.