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Related Concept Videos

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
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Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Cortical Actin Flow in T Cells Quantified by Spatio-temporal Image Correlation Spectroscopy of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data
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Cortical Actin Flow in T Cells Quantified by Spatio-temporal Image Correlation Spectroscopy of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data

Published on: December 17, 2015

Cortical factor feedback model for cellular locomotion and cytofission.

Shin I Nishimura1, Masahiro Ueda, Masaki Sasai

  • 1Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. shin@tbp.cse.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Plos Computational Biology
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cell locomotion and division arise from a common mechanism involving regulatory proteins that create cellular polarity. This positive feedback system influences cell migration patterns and cytofission, with outcomes determined by actin network dynamics.

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Cortical Actin Flow in T Cells Quantified by Spatio-temporal Image Correlation Spectroscopy of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells exhibit diverse spontaneous movement modes like amoeboid and keratocyte-like locomotion, cell division, and fragmentation.
  • These varied behaviors suggest an underlying common regulatory mechanism for cell motion and division.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unifying hypothesis for diverse eukaryotic cell locomotion and cytofission modes.
  • To investigate the role of regulatory proteins and positive feedback in establishing cellular polarity and migration patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical model based on a positive feedback mechanism involving regulatory proteins (cortical factors).
  • Stochastic simulations of cell movement to analyze the impact of cortical factor distribution on cell behavior.

Main Results:

  • The proposed positive feedback mechanism involving cortical factors explains the variety of cell locomotion and cytofission modes.
  • Cellular polarity is established by the differential distribution of cortical factors, suppressing actin polymerization at the rear.
  • Simulations show that this mechanism can stabilize or destabilize movement modes, dictating cell migration patterns.

Conclusions:

  • A common positive feedback mechanism of cortical factors underlies diverse cell motility and division.
  • Cell migration patterns are selected by altering actin-filament network formation rates or initiation thresholds.
  • This model provides a framework for understanding the regulation of cell shape and movement.