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Related Concept Videos

In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Generation of Genetically Modified Mice through the Microinjection of Oocytes
10:19

Generation of Genetically Modified Mice through the Microinjection of Oocytes

Published on: June 15, 2017

Generation of transgenic mice.

Andrew Cho1, Naoto Haruyama, Ashok B Kulkarni

  • 1National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Current Protocols in Cell Biology
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This guide details protocols for generating transgenic mice via pronuclear injection. It provides essential reagents, equipment, and practical tips for beginners to ensure efficient and successful outcomes.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Genetics
  • * Animal Models

Background:

  • * Transgenic mice are crucial models for studying gene function and disease.
  • * Pronuclear injection is a standard method for creating genetically modified organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive protocol for generating transgenic mice using pronuclear injection.
  • * To offer practical guidance and tips for researchers, especially beginners.

Main Methods:

  • * Detailed step-by-step protocols for pronuclear injection.
  • * List of required reagents and equipment.
  • * Experimental methods and practical considerations.

Main Results:

  • * Successful generation of transgenic mice.
  • * Identification of key factors for efficient protocol execution.
  • * Avoidance of common pitfalls in the process.

Conclusions:

  • * The described protocols enable efficient generation of transgenic mice.
  • * This resource serves as a valuable guide for researchers new to the technique.
  • * Standardized protocols are essential for reproducible results in transgenesis.