Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Poor Sleep Quality Associated with Impaired Postoperative Outcomes and Frailty Incidence in Elderly Patients After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Severity Matched Case-Control Study.

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare·2026
Same author

Effects of uniform rocking motion on VLPO regional GABA/Glu contents and sleep in rats.

Sleep and biological rhythms·2025
Same author

The impact of Kangaroo Care on role adaptation and subjective well-being in primiparous mothers following vaginal delivery: A retrospective study.

Medicine·2025
Same author

Soluble CD4 effectively prevents excessive TLR activation of resident macrophages in the onset of sepsis.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2023
Same author

Serum-plasma matched metabolomics for comprehensive characterization of benign thyroid nodule and papillary thyroid carcinoma.

International journal of cancer·2018
Same author

Expression of AQP2, AQP4 and AQP 8 in mouse intestine induced by unprocessed and processed Euphorbia lathyris.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
06:46

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Colorectal cancer, one entity or three.

Feng-ying Li1, Mao-de Lai

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
|March 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Colorectal cancer mechanisms differ by location. Proximal colon cancers show microsatellite instability (MSI), distal colon cancers exhibit chromosomal instability (CIN), and rectal cancers have unique features, impacting treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern with varying incidence and impact.
  • Genetic abnormalities differ across CRC sites, influencing carcinogenesis pathways.
  • Proximal colon cancer is linked to microsatellite instability (MSI), while distal colon cancer is associated with chromosomal instability (CIN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the site-specific mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis.
  • To highlight the distinct biological and environmental factors influencing tumor development in the proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering CRC as three distinct entities for clinical trials and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on genetic abnormalities and molecular events in colorectal carcinogenesis.

More Related Videos

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction
08:26

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction

Published on: March 24, 2023

Colorectal Cancer Cell Surface Protein Profiling Using an Antibody Microarray and Fluorescence Multiplexing
15:17

Colorectal Cancer Cell Surface Protein Profiling Using an Antibody Microarray and Fluorescence Multiplexing

Published on: September 25, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
06:46

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction
08:26

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction

Published on: March 24, 2023

Colorectal Cancer Cell Surface Protein Profiling Using an Antibody Microarray and Fluorescence Multiplexing
15:17

Colorectal Cancer Cell Surface Protein Profiling Using an Antibody Microarray and Fluorescence Multiplexing

Published on: September 25, 2011

  • Analysis of site-specific differences in embryological development, physiology, and environmental factor roles.
  • Comparison of cancer development and progression in proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum.

    • Main Results:

    • Proximal colon cancers typically arise via the MSI pathway.
    • Distal colon cancers are predominantly associated with the CIN pathway.
    • Rectal cancer development, while sharing similarities with colon cancer, presents unique characteristics.
    • Environmental factors like diet and alcohol consumption play differential roles in tumor development across the three segments.

    Conclusions:

    • Colorectal cancer exhibits significant site-specific variations in its carcinogenic mechanisms.
    • Recognizing proximal colon, distal colon, and rectal cancers as distinct entities is crucial for developing targeted therapies and designing effective clinical trials.
    • Further research into molecular events and targeted therapies is needed to confirm these site-specific differences and optimize treatment outcomes.