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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Published on: July 19, 2019

Autopsy reports in extreme longevity.

M Motta1, E Bennati, M Vacante

  • 1Department of Senescence Sciences, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina, 829, I-95126 Catania, Italy. lmotta@unict.it

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
|March 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centenarians exhibit fewer cancers but more severe chronic-degenerative diseases, particularly cerebro-degenerative conditions, compared to the elderly. Survival in the very old is often impacted by intercurrent events rather than disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
  • Pathology
  • Longevity Research

Background:

  • Understanding disease prevalence and causes of death in extreme aging is crucial for public health.
  • Centenarians represent a unique population for studying aging processes and disease resistance/susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence, type, and severity of diseases in centenarians compared to the elderly.
  • To identify the primary causes of mortality in the oldest old.
  • To compare the evolution and characteristics of neoplastic and chronic-degenerative pathologies between these age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Autopsy findings from 140 centenarians (100-109 years) and 96 elderly individuals (75-95 years) were analyzed.
  • Evaluation included clinical diagnoses, medical records, gross and microscopic pathological findings, and autopsy reports.
  • Comparison focused on neoplastic and chronic-degenerative diseases, including metastasis frequency and severity.

Main Results:

  • Centenarians showed significantly lower prevalence (16.3% vs. 39.0%) and less aggressive evolution of neoplastic pathologies (metastases: 26.0% vs. 55.0%) compared to the elderly.
  • Chronic-degenerative diseases, especially cerebro-degenerative conditions, were more frequent and severe in centenarians.
  • Cerebrovascular damage and cognitive deficits did not appear to significantly impact survival in the longevous group.

Conclusions:

  • Very old age is associated with reduced cancer incidence but increased prevalence and severity of chronic-degenerative diseases.
  • The survival of centenarians is often determined by intercurrent events or external accidents, highlighting their frailty.
  • Cerebrovascular damage does not necessarily preclude extreme longevity.