Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual tumour-myeloid targeting of glioblastoma with GPNMB CAR-T cells.

Nature·2026
Same author

SMPD3 suppresses oligodendroglioma growth via dual autocrine-paracrine roles.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A New Era of Personalized Therapies.

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting·2026
Same author

The baseline vaginal immune milieu is an important determinant of the inflammatory response induced by penile-vaginal sex.

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Lactic Acid Production from Acid Hydrolysate of <i>Ulva pertusa</i> as a Sustainable Biomass Feedstock.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Development of predictive models for the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer using multiple transcriptomic analyses.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Neuropixels harness the light.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Clarity in clearance pathways.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Hypothalamic specification in a dish.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: A route for cerebrospinal fluid flow through leptomeningeal arterial-venous overlaps enables macromolecule and fluid shunting.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Prefrontal engrams of long-term fear memory perpetuate pain perception.

Nature neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
07:26

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

Proteoglycan interactions with Sonic Hedgehog specify mitogenic responses.

Jennifer A Chan1, Srividya Balasubramanian, Rochelle M Witt

  • 1Neurobiology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature Neuroscience
|March 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling controls cell growth and tissue patterns. Shh binding to proteoglycans is essential for neural stem cell proliferation but not tissue patterning, revealing distinct Shh functions.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

Triggering Reactive Gliosis In Vivo by a Forebrain Stab Injury
07:46

Triggering Reactive Gliosis In Vivo by a Forebrain Stab Injury

Published on: June 29, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
07:26

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

Triggering Reactive Gliosis In Vivo by a Forebrain Stab Injury
07:46

Triggering Reactive Gliosis In Vivo by a Forebrain Stab Injury

Published on: June 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is crucial for vertebrate development, influencing both cell proliferation and tissue patterning.
  • Understanding how Shh's distinct functions are regulated is key to developmental processes and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the mitogenic and patterning functions of Shh can be separated.
  • To determine the role of Shh-proteoglycan interactions in Shh signaling during development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a genetic mouse model to selectively inhibit Shh-proteoglycan interactions.
  • Analyzed the effects on neural stem/precursor cell proliferation and tissue patterning.

Main Results:

  • Shh-proteoglycan binding is essential for neural stem/precursor cell proliferation.
  • Shh-proteoglycan interactions are not required for Shh-mediated tissue patterning.
  • Proteoglycans regulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of Shh signaling, creating mitogenic niches and controlling signal duration.

Conclusions:

  • The mitogenic and patterning roles of Shh can be dissociated by modulating Shh-proteoglycan interactions.
  • Proteoglycans are critical regulators of Shh-driven cell proliferation, impacting gene expression for cell division.
  • Shh-proteoglycan interactions may represent a therapeutic target for cancers driven by Shh pathway activation.