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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells, including...
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). It is perhaps unsurprising, that many...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
07:56

Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome

Published on: November 30, 2022

Mitophagy.

Aviva M Tolkovsky1

  • 1Department Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. amt@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|March 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitophagy, the selective removal of mitochondria via autophagy, is crucial for cell health. Research explores its mechanisms, signals, and impact on cell viability, revealing a complex process vital for cellular turnover.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

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Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes
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Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes

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Related Experiment Videos

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Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
07:56

Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome

Published on: November 30, 2022

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice
08:40

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

Published on: November 22, 2017

Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes
11:59

Detection of Mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Mammalian Cells Using Organelle-Specific Dyes

Published on: May 19, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a key cellular process for degrading and recycling damaged components.
  • Mitochondrial turnover is essential for cellular homeostasis, particularly during development and disease.
  • The specific mechanisms and regulation of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) remain areas of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the selectivity and signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial removal by autophagy.
  • To compare the roles of different autophagy pathways (macroautophagy and microautophagy) in mitochondrial turnover.
  • To elucidate the impact of mitochondrial removal on overall cell viability and pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics.
  • Analysis of evidence for specific mitochondrial signals initiating mitophagy.
  • Comparison of mitophagy mechanisms in yeast and mammalian cells.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests specific mitochondrial signals drive selective mitophagy.
  • Both selective and non-selective mitochondrial removal by autophagy occur.
  • Yeast primarily utilize microautophagy, while mammalian cells appear to favor macroautophagy for mitochondrial clearance.

Conclusions:

  • Mitophagy is a critical, albeit complex, process for mitochondrial quality control.
  • Understanding mitophagy is essential for comprehending cellular responses to stress and disease.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the interplay between autophagy, mitochondrial function, and cell fate.