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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Placement of Extracranial Stimulating Electrodes and Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow and Intracranial Electrical Fields in Anesthetized Mice

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Caffeine dose effect on activation-induced BOLD and CBF responses.

Yufen Chen¹, Todd B Parrish

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.

|March 18, 2009

Summary

Caffeine

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pharmacology

Background:

Caffeine is a widely consumed psychostimulant with dose-dependent effects.
Low to intermediate doses enhance alertness, while high doses cause negative effects like anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the nonlinear dose-response relationship of caffeine on functional brain activation.
To compare the effects of different caffeine doses on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) responses.

Main Methods:

Twenty-seven healthy subjects received intravenous infusions of saline or varying caffeine doses (1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg).
Simultaneous Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) and BOLD imaging were used to measure task-induced CBF and BOLD changes.
Changes in BOLD response and CBF were compared across different caffeine dose groups.

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Main Results:

The intermediate caffeine dose (2.5 mg/kg) maximally increased BOLD response in motor and visual areas (32.2% and 32.5%).
The highest caffeine dose (5 mg/kg) showed the maximum increase in CBF response.
A nonlinear dose-response pattern was observed for caffeine's effects on brain activation.

Conclusions:

Caffeine exhibits a nonlinear dose-response effect on brain functional activation, impacting BOLD and CBF differently.
The observed differences may be linked to the varying densities of A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors in the brain.
Understanding these dose-dependent effects is crucial for optimizing caffeine's cognitive and physiological impacts.