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Related Concept Videos

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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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Related Experiment Video

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Recent developments in liver pathology.

Jay H Lefkowitch1

  • 1Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. jhl3@columbia.edu

Human Pathology
|March 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Recent liver histopathology advances include multinucleated giant hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis C and HHV-6A infections. New terminology, Mallory-Denk bodies, and diagnostic markers like glypican-3 for liver tumors are highlighted.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and liver pathology research.

Background:

  • Liver histopathology is continually advancing across hepatobiliary diseases.
  • Multinucleated giant hepatocytes are now observed in chronic hepatitis C (with or without HIV) and human herpesvirus-6A infections, expanding their known associations beyond autoimmune and drug-induced hepatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent progress and key findings in liver histopathology.
  • To highlight new terminology and diagnostic markers in hepatobiliary disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent publications in liver histopathology.
  • Analysis of diagnostic information from genomic and immunohistochemical studies of liver tumors.

Main Results:

  • Identification of multinucleated giant hepatocytes in novel clinical contexts.

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  • Introduction of the term Mallory-Denk body to honor Professor Helmut Denk's contributions.
  • Studies addressing the pathogenesis of fatty liver and hepatic iron overload.
  • Demonstration of glypican-3's utility in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma.

    • Conclusions:

    • Liver histopathology continues to evolve with new findings and classifications.
    • Genomic and immunohistochemical analyses are crucial for accurate liver tumor diagnosis, with glypican-3 showing promise for hepatocellular carcinoma.