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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
Published on: May 10, 2017
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
1Michigan Head-Pain and Neurological Institute, 3120 Professional Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA. tdrozmigraine@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a group of primary headache syndromes all marked by headache and associated autonomic features. The TACs include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, hemicrania continua, and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome. Diagnosis is made after looking at headache frequency, duration, and accompanying symptoms. Each TAC has its own unique treatment modality, which is discussed in depth.
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