Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
[The relationship between sagittal upper airway size and surrounding skeletal structure with Delaire cephalometric
Chong-Shi Yang1, Feng Deng, Tao Wang
1The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China. ycsok@163.com
Purpose:
To investigate the relationship between sagittal upper airway size and craniofacial characteristics in men with malocclusion in early permanent dentition,and to find out the factor that affect the pharyngeal airway size remarkably.
Methods:
Seventy-four cephalometric films of non-snoring males with malocclusion aged from 11 to 16 years(mean 13 years) before treatment were collected and measured with Delaire cephalometric analysis,the results were assessed by SPSS13.0 software package,multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between upper airway size and craniofacial characteristics variation.
Results:
The size of nasopharyngeal space (PNS-ad) correlated negatively with the upper face height,the inclination of ramus plane,percentage of cranial height to cranial base length.The size of palatopharyngeal space(Ve-PVe) correlated negatively with the upper face height,percentage of cranial height to cranial base length.The size of hypopharyngeal space(Ph1-Ph2) correlated positively with the angle between cervical vertebrae tangent and cranial base, negatively mandibular plane angle, the length of mandibular body and percentage of cranial height to cranial base length.
Conclusions:
The sagittal upper airway size of non-snoring males with occlusion is significantly correlated to the craniofacial skeletal structures and head posture,the types of craniofacial growth and the skeletal structure around have remarkable effect on the upper airway space.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Overview of the Skull
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

