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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Optimization of emulsions.

M E Carlotti1, R Carpignano, M R Gasco

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|March 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers optimized emulsions using experimental design, comparing three surfactants. The study found that the counter-ion significantly impacts emulsion composition and stability, with optimized versions showing high stability after centrifugation.

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Particle Templated Emulsification enables Microfluidic-Free Droplet Assays
11:03

Particle Templated Emulsification enables Microfluidic-Free Droplet Assays

Published on: March 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Particle Templated Emulsification enables Microfluidic-Free Droplet Assays
11:03

Particle Templated Emulsification enables Microfluidic-Free Droplet Assays

Published on: March 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Colloid Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Emulsions are crucial in various industries, requiring stable formulations.
  • Surfactant selection is key to controlling emulsion properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize emulsion composition using experimental design.
  • To compare the efficacy of three different surfactants in emulsion formation and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized experimental design for systematic optimization.
  • Investigated emulsions formulated with hexadecylhydrogenphosphate salts and diethanolamine, lysine, or arginine.
  • Assessed emulsion stability via centrifugation at 7000 rpm for 30-60 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Optimized microemulsions exhibited high stability under centrifugation.
  • The choice of counter-ion (diethanolamine, lysine, arginine) influenced emulsion composition.
  • Significant differences in stability were observed based on the surfactant used.

Conclusions:

  • Counter-ions play a critical role in determining emulsion characteristics.
  • The specific surfactant structure affects both the formulation and the final stability of emulsions.
  • Experimental design is an effective tool for optimizing complex emulsion systems.