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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Published on: June 21, 2010

Knowing in nursing: a concept analysis.

Susan A Bonis¹

¹School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, USA. bonis@nursing.umass.edu

Journal of Advanced Nursing

|March 18, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nursing knowledge evolves from personal experience and reflection, integrating objective information with subjective perspectives. This dynamic process of knowing transforms understanding and meaning in healthcare research and practice.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education

Published on: June 21, 2010

Area of Science:

Nursing Research
Knowledge Development
Concept Analysis

Background:

Nursing knowledge development has been significantly influenced by discussions on patterns of knowing since Carper's 1978 contribution.
Research on reflection and various knowing patterns has underpinned efforts to enhance nursing practice and patient care across diverse settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the evolution of the concept of "knowing" within nursing literature.
To understand the application of "knowing" in nursing and related health disciplines.
To trace the conceptual development of "knowing" to its current interpretation.

Main Methods:

Employed Rodgers' evolutionary method for concept analysis.
Conducted a literature search spanning from 1978 to 2007.
Analyzed the usage and evolution of the concept of knowing.

Main Results:

"Knowing" in nursing is a personal knowledge construction, merging objective data with individual subjective experience.
It is a dynamic process driven by personal reflection and transformation through lived experiences.
Antecedents include experience, awareness, and reflection, leading to understanding, meaning-making, and transformation.

Conclusions:

Nursing has established a unique research niche focusing on the individual's experience of health and illness.
The concept of "knowing" in nursing research and practice emphasizes the subjective, personal dimension of healthcare.