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Related Concept Videos

DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
DNA Isolation01:34

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DNA from cells is required for many biotechnology and research applications, such as molecular cloning. To remove and purify DNA from cells, researchers use various methods of DNA extraction. While the specifics of different protocols may vary, some general concepts underlie the process of DNA extraction.
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Analysis of Nonhomologous End Joining and Homologous Recombination Efficiency in HEK-293T Cells Using GFP-Based Reporter Systems
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DNA reviews: low level DNA profiling.

Eleanor A M Graham1

  • 1East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK. eamg1@le.ac.uk

Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
|March 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low copy number (LCN) DNA profiling, crucial for forensic science, faced scrutiny after a high-profile trial. Despite initial suspension, its use was reinstated following an internal review.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Low copy number (LCN) DNA profiling has faced recent scrutiny in the UK.
  • This scrutiny followed comments made during the trial of Sean Hoey, related to the 1998 Omagh bombing.
  • Key DNA evidence was deemed inadmissible in the trial, leading to the acquittal of Mr. Hoey.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the low copy number DNA profiling technique.
  • To describe the types of samples routinely collected for LCN DNA analysis.
  • To provide context on the recent controversy surrounding LCN DNA evidence in the UK.

Main Methods:

  • Review of legal commentary and institutional responses.
  • Description of established low copy number DNA profiling methodologies.
  • Analysis of sample collection protocols for forensic DNA analysis.

Main Results:

  • The Association of Chief Police Officers and Crown Prosecution Service initially suspended LCN DNA profiling.
  • Following an internal inquiry, the use of the technique was reinstated.
  • The review details the methodology and sample types pertinent to LCN DNA analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Despite controversy, low copy number DNA profiling remains a valuable forensic tool.
  • Standardized protocols for sample collection and analysis are essential for LCN DNA profiling.
  • Further understanding of LCN DNA profiling techniques is crucial for the justice system.