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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Vision 20/20: proton therapy.

Alfred R Smith1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. alsmith@mdanderson.org

Medical Physics
|March 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proton therapy offers superior cancer treatment compared to conventional radiation. Advances in technology, including intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), promise further clinical gains and wider patient access.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Cancer Treatment

Background:

  • Proton therapy, utilizing proton beams, has evolved significantly since its inception in 1955.
  • Early use in research facilities transitioned to hospital-based treatments by 1990, comparable to photon therapy.
  • Clinical evidence increasingly supports proton therapy's superiority over conventional radiation for various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and current advancements in proton therapy.
  • To highlight the potential of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for improved clinical outcomes.
  • To discuss the ongoing transition of proton therapy into mainstream cancer care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and clinical outcomes.
  • Analysis of treatment planning studies comparing proton and photon dose distributions.
  • Discussion of technological advancements and implementation strategies for proton therapy.

Main Results:

  • Proton therapy demonstrates superior dose distributions compared to photon therapy across many disease sites.
  • Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) offers optimal dose distributions but has limited patient utilization.
  • Current trends indicate increased interest, reimbursement, and technological development in proton therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Proton therapy is poised to become a mainstream cancer treatment due to technological progress and improved accessibility.
  • Further advancements in efficiency, accuracy, and quality assurance are expected.
  • Wider implementation of IMPT and multi-institution studies will quantify clinical benefits, potentially reducing costs and increasing patient access.