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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Sagittal alignment as a risk factor for adjacent level degeneration: a case-control study.

Mladen O Djurasovic1, Leah Y Carreon, Steven D Glassman

  • 1Kenton D. Leatherman Spine Center and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Orthopedics
|March 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Lumbar fusion in poor sagittal alignment, specifically with reduced lordosis, increases adjacent segment degeneration risk. Preexisting degeneration and smoking were not significant risk factors in this study.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Degenerative spine disease
  • Biomechanical analysis

Background:

  • Adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) is a common complication after lumbar fusion.
  • Factors influencing ASD development require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of sagittal alignment and preexisting adjacent level degeneration on ASD development post-lumbar fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-control study of 51 patients with ASD following lumbar fusion.
  • Matching controls by age, sex, surgical level, and date.
  • Assessment of sagittal alignment and adjacent level degeneration before and after index surgery.

Main Results:

  • Patients with ASD showed significantly reduced lumbar lordosis post-surgery compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in preexisting adjacent level degeneration or smoking rates were found between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal sagittal alignment, particularly loss of lumbar lordosis, following lumbar fusion predisposes to ASD.
  • ASD development is not solely a progression of preexisting degenerative changes.