Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A multisensory causal inference prior is attenuated in musicians and is further attenuated following instruction.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026

Same author

The latency of a domain-general visual surprise signal is attribute dependent.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2025

Same author

What visually directed action reveals about perception of ambulatory space.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2025

Same author

Behavioural and electrophysiological modulations of onset primacy in visual change detection.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025

Same author

Effects of short- and long-term experience on two classical measures of the multisensory temporal integration window.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2025

Same author

An event-related potential study of onset primacy in visual change detection.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Orientation dependence of spatial memory acquired from auditory experience.

Naohide Yamamoto¹, Amy L Shelton

¹Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. nyama@gwu.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|March 19, 2009

Summary

Human spatial memory, whether learned visually or through sound localization, shows orientation dependence. This suggests a general property of spatial memory regardless of how it

More Related Videos

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Published on: January 26, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Assessing Human Spatial Navigation in a Virtual Space and its Sensitivity to Exercise

Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Spatial Cognition

Background:

Spatial memory is crucial for navigation and environmental understanding.
Previous research indicates orientation dependence in visually acquired spatial memory.
The modality of spatial learning (e.g., visual, auditory) may influence memory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if auditory learning of spatial layouts results in orientation-dependent memory.
To compare the orientation dependence of auditory spatial memory with that of visual spatial memory.
To determine if orientation dependence is a general feature of human spatial memory across different learning modalities.

Main Methods:

Participants learned room-sized spatial layouts using either visual object viewing or auditory sound localization.
Following learning, participants performed relative direction judgments between remembered locations.
Performance accuracy at different orientations was analyzed to assess orientation dependence.

Main Results:

Direction judgments were most accurate at a specific orientation after auditory learning.
This orientation dependence was similar to that observed in visually learned spatial memory.
Auditorily encoded spatial memory demonstrates significant orientation dependence.

Conclusions:

Auditory spatial memory exhibits orientation dependence, mirroring findings from visual learning.
Orientation dependence appears to be a general characteristic of human spatial memory.
This property is independent of the specific sensory modality used for learning spatial information.