Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Progressive Dystrophy of the Fingernails and Toenails.

Cutis·2026
Same author

Pattern of Facial Dyschromias: A Clinical and Dermoscopic Study from a Tertiary Healthcare Center in South India.

Indian dermatology online journal·2025
Same author

Clinical, Dermoscopic and Histopathological Study of Patchy Pigmentation of Lower Legs.

Indian journal of dermatology·2025
Same author

Delphi consensus on melasma management by international experts and pigmentary disorders society.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2025
Same author

Fatal Gastric Mucormycosis and Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome.

Indian dermatology online journal·2025
Same author

Tinea incognito.

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine·2025
Same journal

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) with pigmentary mosaicism: A coincidental occurrence in a child.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology·2026
Same journal

Agminated multifocal eruptive lobular capillary haemangiomas - An uncommon presentation.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology·2026
Same journal

Patch testing in India: Are we missing clinically relevant allergens?

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology·2026
Same journal

Double-loading technique for improved suspension retention on the recipient site in non-cultured epidermal cell suspension (NCES).

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology·2026
Same journal

Late-onset metastatic melanoma arising from a medium-sized congenital melanocytic naevus.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology·2026
Same journal

Custom-compounded glycine-proline jelly for ulcers in prolidase deficiency.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice
10:32

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice

Published on: March 23, 2014

Relapse in leprosy.

Sowmya Kaimal1, Devinder Mohan Thappa

  • 1Department of Dermatology and STD, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry-605 006, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|March 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leprosy relapse rates vary due to factors like persister bacilli and inadequate therapy. Accurate diagnosis of leprosy relapse requires clinical, bacteriological, and therapeutic criteria for timely re-treatment.

More Related Videos

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)
09:39

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

Published on: July 15, 2011

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
08:31

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Published on: October 17, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice
10:32

Optimized Protocols for Mycobacterium leprae Strain Management: Frozen Stock Preservation and Maintenance in Athymic Nude Mice

Published on: March 23, 2014

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)
09:39

DNA Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium leprae Strains Using Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) - Fragment Length Analysis (FLA)

Published on: July 15, 2011

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
08:31

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Published on: October 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its chronic nature.
  • Assessing therapeutic efficacy relies heavily on monitoring relapse rates, which show significant regional variations post-multidrug therapy (MDT).
  • Predisposing factors for relapse include persistent bacilli, monotherapy, insufficient treatment, and specific clinical indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the complexities of leprosy relapse, including diagnostic challenges and predisposing factors.
  • To evaluate the utility of various diagnostic methods for confirming leprosy relapse.
  • To provide guidance on managing relapsed leprosy cases and selecting appropriate retreatment regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on leprosy relapse, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to relapse, including microbiological and clinical parameters.
  • Evaluation of differential diagnoses for leprosy relapse, such as reactions and reinfection.

Main Results:

  • Conventional diagnostic methods have limited utility in leprosy, especially for paucibacillary (PB) cases.
  • Bacteriological parameters are more useful in multibacillary (MB) leprosy, while PB leprosy relies on clinical features for relapse diagnosis.
  • Clinical, bacteriological, and therapeutic criteria are most reliable for diagnosing relapse, supplemented by histopathological and serological tests.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification and prompt re-treatment of relapsed leprosy are crucial to prevent further disability and transmission.
  • Treatment regimen selection for relapsed leprosy must consider disease type (PB/MB), prior treatment history, and drug resistance.
  • Clinical judgment may be necessary to adapt standard World Health Organization (WHO) treatment regimens to individual patient scenarios.