Ocular abnormalities in atopic dermatitis in Indian patients

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Dermatology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent skin condition associated with chronic inflammation.
• Severe and long-standing AD, particularly with facial scratching, increases the risk of ocular complications.
• Understanding the prevalence of these eye issues in children is vital for early diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the frequency and types of ocular complications in Indian children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis.
• To identify risk factors associated with the development of ocular abnormalities in pediatric AD patients.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 100 Indian children (aged 1-14 years) with atopic dermatitis was recruited.
• Comprehensive ocular examinations were performed, including dilated fundus evaluation, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and assessment of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea.
• Data on cataract formation and retinal disorders were also recorded.

Main Results:

• 43% of the children with AD exhibited ocular abnormalities, primarily involving the eyelids and conjunctiva.
• Conjunctival changes included cobblestone papillae, papillary reaction, and hypertrophy.
• Ocular abnormalities were significantly associated with age over 5 years, illness duration exceeding 12 months, positive family history of atopy, palmar hyperlinearity, and combined xerosis with Dennie-Morgan fold.

Conclusions:

• This study is the first from India to report on ocular manifestations in children with AD.
• The observed ocular complications in this cohort did not lead to significant visual impairment or morbidity.
• The milder presentation of AD in Indian children may contribute to the lower severity of associated ocular issues.