Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026
09:16
Simultaneous Study of the Recruitment of Monocyte Subpopulations Under Flow In Vitro
Published on: November 26, 2018
Monocyte subtypes predict clinical course and prognosis in human stroke
Xabier Urra1, Neus Villamor, Sergio Amaro
1Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
Summary
After stroke, specific monocyte subsets change, with classical monocytes linked to worse outcomes and rarer types associated with better recovery. Monitoring these monocyte subsets may aid stroke patient management.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Hematology
Background:
- Monocyte counts increase post-stroke.
- Understanding monocyte subset dynamics is crucial for stroke prognostication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the time course and phenotype of monocyte subsets after stroke.
- To investigate the relationship between monocyte subsets and clinical outcomes in stroke patients.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry was used to analyze monocyte subsets (CD14highCD16-, CD14highCD16+, CD14dimCD16+) in 46 stroke patients and 13 controls.
- Expression of TLR2, HLA-DR, Tie-2, CD86, CD49d, and platelet-monocyte interactions were assessed.
- Statistical models were used to correlate monocyte subset proportions with clinical outcomes, mortality, and infarct size.
Main Results:
- CD14highCD16+ monocytes increased, while CD14dimCD16+ monocytes decreased post-stroke.
- CD14highCD16- monocytes showed higher platelet interaction and were linked to poor outcomes and mortality.
- CD14highCD16+ monocytes expressed Tie-2 and were inversely related to mortality; CD14dimCD16+ monocytes were linked to better outcomes and smaller infarct size.
Conclusions:
- The predominant classical monocyte subset (CD14highCD16-) appears detrimental post-stroke.
- Rarer monocyte subpopulations (CD14highCD16+ and CD14dimCD16+) may possess beneficial properties, potentially promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis.
- Monitoring monocyte subtypes could become a valuable tool for assessing stroke prognosis.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
01:29Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
01:29Stroke: Introduction and Types
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
01:15Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
01:17Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...