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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
12:43

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Published on: February 21, 2011

Bulbar signs in normal population.

K S Lim1, Y C Hew, H K Lau

  • 1Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques
|March 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bulbar signs show a wide range of normal variations in healthy individuals, especially older adults. This study establishes normative data for these neurological signs in both young and elderly populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Clinical Examination

Background:

  • Limited published data exists on normal bulbar signs.
  • Bulbar signs are crucial indicators of neurological function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the range of normality for bulbar signs.
  • To specifically investigate bulbar signs in the elderly population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic examination of bulbar signs using a predefined protocol.
  • Inclusion of healthy young and elderly adult cohorts.
  • Recruitment of 206 subjects (104 young, 102 elderly).

Main Results:

  • Uvula deviation observed in 26.9% of young and 21.6% of elderly subjects.
  • Persistent tongue tremor on protrusion noted in 18.6% of elderly vs. 4.8% of young.
  • Absence of gag reflex common in elderly (two-thirds); habituation in 90% of young males.

Conclusions:

  • A broad spectrum of normality exists for bulbar signs in healthy individuals.
  • Findings are particularly relevant for understanding variations in the elderly.
  • Establishes baseline data for bulbar sign assessment.