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Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
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Individual differences in childhood sleep problems predict later cognitive executive control.

Naomi P Friedman1, Robin P Corley, John K Hewitt

  • 1Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO 80309, USA. naomi.friedman@colorado.edu

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|March 20, 2009
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Children whose sleep problems decrease over time demonstrate better executive functions in adolescence. Early sleep issues do not predict later executive control, but a decline in problems is linked to improved inhibition and working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Childhood sleep problems are common, with varying developmental trajectories.
  • Executive functions, including inhibition, working memory updating, and task shifting, are crucial for adolescent development.
  • Understanding the link between sleep problem development and executive functions is important for identifying potential interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between individual differences in the developmental patterns of general sleep problems and executive function abilities in late adolescence.
  • To determine if the trajectory of sleep problems from childhood to adolescence predicts executive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 916 twins from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study.
  • Sleep problems were reported by parents from age 4 to 16 using the Child Behavior Checklist.
  • Executive functions were assessed in a subset of participants (n=568) at age 17.
  • Latent variable growth curve modeling was employed to analyze sleep problem trajectories and their correlation with executive functions.

Main Results:

  • Sleep problems generally declined from age 4 to 16, but significant individual differences in initial levels and change over time were observed.
  • The developmental trajectory (slope) of sleep problems, but not initial levels (intercept), significantly correlated with executive functions.
  • A steeper decrease in sleep problems over time was associated with better inhibitory control (r = -0.27) and working memory updating (r = -0.21), but not task shifting (r = -0.10).

Conclusions:

  • The initial severity of childhood sleep problems does not appear to impact later executive functioning.
  • A developmental pattern of decreasing sleep problems is associated with enhanced general executive control in late adolescence.
  • These findings highlight the importance of the *change* in sleep problem severity over time for cognitive development.