Hematopoietic stem cell proliferation modeling under the influence of hematopoietic-inducing agent

The process by which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow differentiate into blood cells is known as hematopoiesis. In the event of hemorrhagic shock, it is crucial for the HSC to rapidly differentiate into new committed erythroid progenitor cells that will give rise to erythrocytes. Growth factors and cytokines enhance the self-renewing process of HSC and are therefore crucial to restoring normal levels of blood cells in the body. Hematopoietic inducing agents (HIAs) such as the cytokine erythropoietin and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor play a vital role in hematopoiesis because they are capable of inducing the proliferation of stem cells. The aim of the current study is to mathematically model the effect of HIA on the proliferation rate of hematopoietic stem cells at varying levels of oxygenation. The role of HIA was analyzed by constructing a set of coupled ordinary differential equations upon which mathematical analysis was performed. The model makes predictions of hematopoietic activity during low oxygen levels (ranging from 3% to 15%) similar to conditions ranging from acute blood loss to normal conditions.