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Related Concept Videos

Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Botulism01:22

Botulism

Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

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Tetanus in developing countries: a case series and review.

Kara Gibson1, J Bonaventure Uwineza, Willy Kiviri

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'Anesthesie
|March 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tetanus (lockjaw) remains a significant threat, especially in developing nations. Early antitoxin treatment and supportive care are crucial for survival, though mortality rates remain high due to complications.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Tetanus (lockjaw) is a preventable bacterial disease caused by Clostridium tetani.
  • It remains a significant public health concern in developing countries.
  • Anesthesiologists often lack specialized expertise in managing tetanus.

Observation:

  • Four cases of tetanus were observed in Rwanda: two adults with inadequate vaccination and injuries, and two neonates with infected umbilical cords.
  • All patients required mechanical ventilation, highlighting the need for critical care resources.
  • Mortality was 50%, with one adult and one neonate succumbing to the disease.

Findings:

  • Tetanus diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in resource-limited settings.
  • Prompt antitoxin administration and intensive supportive care, including mechanical ventilation and sedation, are vital for patient survival.
  • High mortality rates persist, often due to respiratory failure and autonomic instability.

Implications:

  • Anesthesiologists and critical care physicians play a crucial role in managing tetanus patients.
  • Increased global travel and immigration necessitate greater awareness and preparedness for tetanus management in developed countries.
  • Humanitarian efforts and public health initiatives are essential to combat tetanus in endemic regions.