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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

[Is olfactory function impaired in moderate height?].

M Kühn1, H Welsch, T Zahnert

  • 1Flugmedizinisches Institut der Luftwaffe, Abteilung Flugphysiologie, Königsbrück.

Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
|March 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental conditions like barometric pressure and humidity significantly impact human smell sensitivity. Studies show impaired olfactory function at higher altitudes and in drier air, affecting safety during flights.

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Area of Science:

  • Olfactory neuroscience
  • Environmental physiology

Context:

  • Human olfaction is influenced by ambient environmental factors.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for safety, particularly in aviation where barometric pressure and humidity change.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the impact of hypobaric and hyperbaric conditions, as well as humidity variations, on olfactory sensitivity.
  • To assess if environmental factors affect odor discrimination and odor thresholds in healthy individuals.

Summary:

  • Olfactory sensitivity was reduced at threshold levels in hypobaric environments compared to hyperbaric ones.
  • Lower odor thresholds were observed under humid conditions versus dry conditions.
  • Cognitive performance was also monitored during these environmental changes.

Impact:

  • Environmental conditions demonstrably modulate olfactory test results.
  • Mild hypoxia and dry air at flight altitudes may impair smell sensitivity, with potential safety implications for pilots and passengers.