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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Chronic kidney disease, creatinine and cognitive functioning.

Merrill F Elias1, Penelope K Elias, Stephen L Seliger

  • 1Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA. mfelias@aol.com

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|March 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs cognitive function across multiple domains, even in early stages. Early screening for cognitive deficits in CKD patients is recommended.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to cognitive impairment.
  • Previous research has not fully explored the extent of impairment across various cognitive domains.
  • This study investigates the specific cognitive abilities affected by CKD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the range of cognitive abilities impacted by CKD.
  • To determine if cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors mediate the relationship between CKD and cognition.
  • To assess cognitive performance in individuals with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Main Methods:

  • Community-based cross-sectional study of 923 individuals without dementia or end-stage renal disease.
  • Participants categorized into two groups based on eGFR: <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (CKD) and >=60 mL/min/1.73 m(2).
  • Cognitive performance assessed using multiple clinical tests, analyzed via logistic and linear regression, adjusting for age, education, gender, race, CVD risk factors, and stroke.

Main Results:

  • 15.4% of participants had an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2).
  • CKD was associated with lower cognitive performance, including global function, visual-spatial organization/memory, and scanning/tracking.
  • These associations persisted even after adjusting for CVD risk factors and stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive deficits, affecting global performance and specific functions, are evident early in the course of CKD.
  • The findings suggest that CKD negatively impacts cognitive abilities independently of cardiovascular disease.
  • Targeted screening for cognitive impairment in kidney disease patients is advisable early in the disease progression.