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Auditory P300 and eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenic pedigrees.

D H Blackwood1, D M St Clair, W J Muir

  • 1University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Scotland.

Archives of General Psychiatry
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
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Schizophrenia vulnerability may be identified by genetic trait markers like abnormal eye tracking and event-related potentials. These abnormalities appear in many family members, including some without schizophrenia, suggesting a broader spectrum disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with psychophysiological abnormalities proposed as genetic vulnerability markers.
  • Smooth pursuit eye tracking dysfunction and abnormal long latency event-related potentials are key candidates.
  • These markers are heritable and unaffected by medication or mental state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of smooth pursuit eye tracking and event-related potential abnormalities in high-density schizophrenic families.
  • To determine if these abnormalities can help define the schizophrenia spectrum.
  • To enhance the power of DNA linkage studies by clarifying phenotypic status.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded smooth pursuit eye tracking and event-related potentials in 20 high-density schizophrenic families.

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  • Analyzed the distribution of abnormalities in affected and unaffected family members.
  • Assessed psychiatric symptoms in relatives exhibiting psychophysiological abnormalities.

    • Main Results:

    • Abnormalities in eye tracking and/or event-related potentials were found in most studied families.
    • These abnormalities occurred in individuals with schizophrenia and other functional psychoses.
    • A bimodal distribution was observed, with approximately 50% of non-schizophrenic relatives also showing abnormalities, some with and some without psychiatric symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychophysiological examination, including eye tracking and event-related potentials, can aid in defining the boundaries of schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
    • Identifying affected non-schizophrenic relatives improves the phenotypic definition for genetic studies.
    • These findings support the utility of these measures in genetic vulnerability research for schizophrenia.