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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Vaccinia Reporter Viruses for Quantifying Viral Function at All Stages of Gene Expression
Published on: May 15, 2014
Downregulation of vaccinia virus intermediate and late promoters by host transcription factor YY1
Bruce A Knutson1, Jaewook Oh1, Steven S Broyles1
1Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Abstract:
Approximately half of the intermediate and late gene transcriptional promoters of vaccinia virus have a binding site for the cellular transcription factor YY1 that overlaps the initiator elements. Depletion of YY1 using RNA interference enhanced the activity of these promoters, while overexpression of YY1 repressed their activity. Viral promoter nucleotide replacements that specifically impair the binding of YY1 mostly alleviated the transcriptional repression and correlated with the ability of YY1 to stably interact with the initiator DNAs in vitro. The transcriptional repression activity was localized to the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of the protein. These results indicate that YY1 functions to negatively regulate these vaccinia virus promoters by binding to their initiator elements.
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