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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...

Dementia

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Establishment of a Valuable Mimic of Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Animal Model by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Composited Amyloid Beta Protein

Establishment of a Valuable Mimic of Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Animal Model by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Composited Amyloid Beta Protein

Published on: July 29, 2018

[Update on Alzheimer's disease].

¹Inserm U610, centre des maladies cognitives et comportementales, hôpital La Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. bruno.dubois@psl.aphp.fr

Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises

|March 21, 2009

Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing, affecting 850,000 in France, with 20,000 early-onset cases. Early diagnosis is crucial as symptoms are often misdiagnosed as psychiatric disorders.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epidemiology

Context:

The global population is aging, leading to a rise in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence.
France faces a significant AD burden, with 850,000 individuals affected and an estimated 1.2 million by 2020.
A substantial portion, approximately 400,000, will experience moderate to severe AD.

Purpose:

To highlight the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease.
To address the diagnostic challenges associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
To underscore the need for specialized care for AD patients.

Summary:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence is rising globally due to aging populations.
In France, AD affects 850,000 people, with projections indicating 1.2 million by 2020.
Early-onset AD, affecting nearly 20,000, presents diagnostic difficulties, often being misattributed to psychiatric conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Establishment of a Valuable Mimic of Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Animal Model by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Composited Amyloid Beta Protein

Establishment of a Valuable Mimic of Alzheimer's Disease in Rat Animal Model by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Composited Amyloid Beta Protein

Published on: July 29, 2018

Impact:

Increased AD prevalence necessitates enhanced public health strategies and healthcare resource allocation.
Early-onset AD requires specialized diagnostic approaches to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate patient management.
Improved understanding and timely diagnosis of AD are vital for patient care and research advancements.