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Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
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Published on: May 6, 2016

Ocular manifestations of scleroderma.

Rajen Tailor1, Abha Gupta, Ariane Herrick

  • 1Birmingham and Midlands Eye Centre, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. rajentailor@doctors.org.uk

Survey of Ophthalmology
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PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis, an immune-driven disease, can affect multiple organs. This review consolidates research on its less common ocular manifestations, offering a comprehensive overview for patients and physicians.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis is a chronic, multi-system autoimmune disease.
  • Immune system activation is implicated in its pathogenesis.
  • Ocular manifestations are documented but often reported in isolated cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of ocular manifestations in systemic sclerosis.
  • To consolidate existing literature on eye involvement in this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of previous studies and case reports.
  • Synthesis of findings on ocular manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Ocular involvement is a recognized feature of systemic sclerosis.
  • A wide range of eye conditions can occur in patients.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular manifestations are an important aspect of systemic sclerosis management.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the spectrum and impact of eye disease.