Psychologists abandon the Nuremberg ethic: concerns for detainee interrogations

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Ethics
• Law

Background:

• Post-9/11 era saw significant changes in professional ethics.
• The American Psychological Association (APA) revised its ethics code.
• This revision occurred in response to evolving national security concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the APA's post-9/11 ethics code changes.
• To examine the conflict between ethical responsibilities and legal authority.
• To discuss implications for psychologists in sensitive settings.

Main Methods:

• Historical analysis of the APA ethics code.
• Review of ethical standards and their evolution.
• Examination of case studies and controversies (e.g., Guantánamo Bay, Abu Ghraib).

Main Results:

• The revised APA ethics code permits psychologists to override ethical duties.
• This override is permissible when facing conflicts with military orders or laws.
• The change contrasts with the Nuremberg Ethic's principles.

Conclusions:

• The APA's ethical standard raises concerns regarding professional accountability.
• Dilemmas arise when ethical obligations clash with legal or governmental mandates.
• Further approaches are needed to navigate these complex ethical conflicts.