Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Assay for Neural Induction in the Chick Embryo
Published on: February 13, 2009
Urban-rural residence and the occurrence of neural tube defects in Texas, 1999-2003
T J Luben1, L C Messer, P Mendola
1US Environmental Protection Agency, NC 27711, USA. Luben.tom@epa.gov
Abstract:
Neural tube birth defects (NTDs) affect more than 4000 pregnancies in the US annually. The etiology of NTDs is believed to be multifactorial, but much remains unknown. We examined the pattern and magnitude of urban-rural variation in anencephaly, spina bifida without anencephaly, and encephalocele in Texas in relation with urban-rural residence for the period 1999-2003. There was no evidence that urban-rural residence was associated with changes in the rate of anencephaly or spina bifida without anencephaly in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. In contrast, rates of encephalocele were statistically significantly higher in areas classified as suburban or more rural compared to urban areas using four different urban-rural residence indicators.
More Related Videos
05:44Concurrent Collection of Fetal Murine Brain and Serum to Assess Effects of Maternal Diet on Nutrition and Neurodevelopment in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Published on: May 17, 2024
05:51Monitoring the Mechanical Evolution of Tissue During Neural Tube Closure of Chick Embryo
Published on: November 10, 2023
Related Concept Videos
Teratogenicity
Neurulation
Regression Toward the Mean