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Simulated microgravity-induced aortic remodeling.

Eric C Tuday1, Daniel Nyhan, Artin A Shoukas

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|March 21, 2009
PubMed
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Microgravity simulation increases aortic stiffness by raising collagen content and enzyme cross-linking. Inhibiting lysyl oxidase and transglutaminase enzymes significantly reduced this stiffness, revealing key mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Space Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Previous studies demonstrated that microgravity and simulated microgravity increase aortic stiffness in humans and rats.
  • The underlying mechanisms contributing to this increased vascular stiffness remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for microgravity-induced increases in aortic stiffness.
  • To investigate the roles of altered collagen/elastin content and extracellular matrix (ECM) cross-linking in aortic stiffening.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were subjected to hindlimb unloading (HLU) for 7 days to simulate microgravity.
  • Vessel wall stiffness was assessed by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) after inhibiting lysyl oxidase (LOX) and transglutaminase (tTG) cross-linking enzymes.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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  • Aortic collagen and elastin content were quantified using colorimetric assays, and collagen subtypes were analyzed via immunofluorescence.

    • Main Results:

    • HLU significantly increased aortic stiffness, as indicated by elevated PWV.
    • Inhibition of LOX and tTG enzymes significantly attenuated the HLU-induced increase in PWV.
    • HLU led to increased aortic collagen content, while elastin content and collagen subtype composition remained unchanged.

    Conclusions:

    • Microgravity-induced aortic stiffness is attributed to both increased collagen content and enhanced enzymatic cross-linking within the aortic wall.
    • Targeting LOX and tTG enzymes may offer a therapeutic strategy to mitigate vascular stiffening in microgravity environments.