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A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
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Continued artificial selection for running endurance in rats is associated with improved lung function.

Scott D Kirkton1, Richard A Howlett, Norberto C Gonzalez

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0623, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|March 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Continued endurance running selection in rats led to higher maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2max)) and enhanced pulmonary function. By generation 15, high-capacity runners (HCR) exhibited relatively larger lungs, supporting greater ventilation and gas exchange.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiopulmonary Function
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Selection for endurance running capacity in rats created distinct high (HCR) and low (LCR) running groups.
  • Previous generations showed muscle adaptations for oxygen use but no cardiopulmonary differences.
  • Hypothesis: Continued selection would necessitate enhanced cardiopulmonary function for increased endurance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cardiopulmonary adaptations in rats after 15 generations of endurance running selection.
  • To determine if enhanced lung function supports increased maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2max)) in high-capacity runners (HCR).

Main Methods:

  • Compared pulmonary function and gas exchange at maximal exercise in generation 15 HCR and LCR rats.
  • Measured lung volumes, diffusing capacity, alveolar ventilation, arterial PCO2, and pulmonary vascular resistance.
  • Analyzed body composition differences between HCR and LCR rats.

Main Results:

  • Generation 15 HCR rats had 12% higher absolute Vo(2max) (49% higher per kg) than LCR rats.
  • Despite being 25% lighter, HCR rats had similar lung volumes and exercise diffusing capacity compared to LCR rats.
  • HCR rats demonstrated 30% higher alveolar ventilation (78% higher per kg) and 17% lower arterial PCO2 at Vo(2max).

Conclusions:

  • Continued endurance selection leads to enhanced pulmonary function and ventilation in HCR rats.
  • Relatively larger lung volumes in HCR rats support increased gas exchange and ventilation, despite smaller body size.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that cardiopulmonary adaptations are crucial for sustained increases in endurance capacity.