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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
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Colon in food allergy.

Riccardo Troncone1, Valentina Discepolo

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy. troncone@unina.it

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|March 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Allergic proctocolitis, an immune reaction to food proteins, commonly affects infants and can present with constipation. Diagnosis requires careful evaluation to avoid overdiagnosis and unnecessary dietary changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Allergology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The colon can be affected by allergic reactions to food proteins, with allergic proctocolitis being the most common manifestation.
  • While frequent in infancy, allergic proctocolitis can also occur in older children.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical and histological findings, but carries a risk of overdiagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and risks of overdiagnosis in allergic proctocolitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of food challenges in confirming the diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary interventions.
  • To call for further studies to identify reliable markers for dietary interventions and explore the link between food allergy and lymphoid nodular hyperplasia or refractory constipation.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observation and histological examination for diagnosis.
  • Emphasis on oral food challenges for diagnostic confirmation.
  • Review of existing literature and clinical course of allergic proctocolitis.

Main Results:

  • Allergic proctocolitis is a common condition in infants, diagnosed clinically and histologically.
  • There is a significant risk of overdiagnosis, necessitating food challenges.
  • Most infants experience a benign clinical course with spontaneous resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Food challenges are crucial to avoid unnecessary formula changes or maternal dietary restrictions.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to identify biomarkers for targeted dietary approaches.
  • The role of food allergy in lymphoid nodular hyperplasia and refractory constipation requires further investigation.